Split hoop wound retractor with gel pad

ABSTRACT

An incrementally adjustable wound retractor, which provides access to a body cavity, includes an inner ring having a diameter greater than the desired diameter of the wound incision, an outer ring having an annular axis and a diameter greater than the desired diameter of the wound incision, and a flexible sleeve disposed in a generally cylindrical form between the inner and outer rings. The outer ring includes first and second circular tubes spaced apart axially with each including a lumen having a rigid, noncompliant split hoop placed therein. The outer ring may be rolled over itself and around the annular axis to retract the sleeve with sufficient force to stretch the incision to the desired diameter. A gel cap seal may be coupled to the outer ring outside of the biological body to seal the opening produced by the wound retractor between the body cavity and outside the body cavity.

BACKGROUND

This invention relates substantially to devices and other apparatusesfacilitating sealed access with surgical instruments, such as asurgeon's hand, across a body wall and into a body cavity.

In several areas of surgery there exists a need to have mechanisms ordevices that can seal a body cavity or space, and yet permit theintroduction of surgical instruments such as guidewires, endoscopes, andeven the hand of a surgeon. Typical of these areas of surgery islaparoscopic surgery that relies on surgical instruments insertedthrough the abdominal wall to reach an operative site within theabdominal cavity. In order to increase space around the operative sitewithin the cavity, insufflation gases are typically introduced toinflate the cavity and elevate the abdominal wall. The pressurizing ofthe abdominal cavity is referred to as pneumoperitoneum in this context,the need to seal the body cavity or space arises from the need tomaintain the pneumoperitoneum even when instruments are present.

Trocars have been commonly used to provide instrument access inlaparoscopic surgeries. These trocars have included elaborate sealstructures having zero seals that prevent the escape of the gases in theabsence of instruments, and instrument seals that prevent the escape ofthe gases in the presence of instruments. Unfortunately, the instrumentseals have been able to accommodate only a narrow range of instrumentdiameters. Multiple seal pairs had to be provided where wider rangeswere desired.

Some instruments, such as the hand of the surgeon, have been too largefor trocar access. Under these circumstances, hand-assisted laparoscopicseals have been provided. Such devices have been large, cumbersome, andlargely ineffective in providing the required sealing mechanism. Otheraccess devices, such as Touhy-Borst seals, have been used, but only forvery small diameter access such as that required by a guidewire.

Each of the prior devices suffers from drawbacks that make the devicedifficult or cumbersome to use. For example, a Touhy-Borst seal requirestwo hands to use and does not form a seal when a guidewire or otherdevice is about to be introduced. Present trocar seals and hand-assistedseals require two valves, one forming an instrument seal in the presenceof the instrument, and the other forming a zero seal in the absence ofthe instrument. For example, in hand-assisted devices, elaboratemechanisms have been required to seal around the surgeons arm. When thearm is removed, a separate zero seal has been required to prevent theescape of blood or insufflation gases.

SUMMARY

The invention is directed to a gel cap that is adapted for being coupledto a wound retractor. The wound retractor has a substantiallynoncompliant outer ring that is adapted for juxtaposition with an outersurface of a biological body wall and for disposition relative to anincision in the body wall. The wound retractor also includes an innerring that is adapted for juxtaposition with an inner surface of thebiological body wall and for disposition relative to the incision in thebody wall. The wound retractor further includes a sleeve that is adaptedto traverse the incision in the body wall. The sleeve of the woundretractor couples the outer ring to the inner ring. The wound retractoris adapted to retract and seal the incision. The gel cap includes a capring, a lever, means for hinging the lever to the cap ring, and a gelpad. The cap ring includes a substantially cylindrical ring having afirst, proximal portion, a second, distal portion, and a longitudinalaxis extending through the proximal and distal portions. The cap ringalso includes a lip at a distal end of the distal portion of the capring. The lip curves radially inward from the wall of the distal portionof the cap ring and extends around a portion of the circumference of thecap ring. The gel cap also includes a lever that is positioned at thedistal portion of the cap ring and substantially opposite the lip at thedistal portion of the cap ring. The lever swings on a plane that issubstantially perpendicular to the axis of the cap ring. The leverincludes a proximal end, a distal end, and a first, distal substantiallyflat lip positioned at the distal end of the lever. The distal lip ofthe lever lies in a plane that is positioned substantially perpendicularto the axis of the cap ring. The gel pad is made of a gel material. Thegel pad is coupled to the cap ring and is positioned at the proximalportion of the cap ring. The gel pad includes an access portion forproviding a passage from external the body to a body cavity. The passageof the gel pad forms an instrument seal in the presence of an instrumentinserted therethrough and a zero seal in the absence of an instrumentinserted therethrough. In a first, open state the lever is swungoutwardly, away from the body of the cap ring to provide clearance forinserting the outer ring of the wound retractor into the gel cap. In asecond, closed state the lever is swung toward the cap ring such thatthe distal lip of the lever protrudes radially inwardly from the body ofthe lever and radially inwardly through the wall of the cap ring. In thesecond state, with the outer ring of the wound retractor positioned inthe distal portion of the cap ring, the distal lip of the lever isconfigured to abut the distal surface of the outer ring of the woundretractor and secure the gel cap to the wound retractor. The lip of thecap ring and the distal lip of the lever are configured to receive theouter ring of the wound retractor such that the outer ring of the woundretractor is positioned between the lip of the cap ring and the distallip of the lever at the distal end of the outer ring of the woundretractor and the gel pad at the proximal end of the outer ring of thewound retractor. The gel pad is adapted to be placed in juxtapositionwith the incision.

In one aspect of the invention, the proximal portion of the cap ringincludes a plurality of apertures that are distributed about thecircumference of the cap ring. The apertures extend through the wall ofthe proximal potion of the cap ring. In one aspect, the gel of the gelpad covers and fills the apertures. In another aspect, the gel in theapertures connects the gel at an outer portion of the cap ring to thegel at an inner portion of the cap ring. In another aspect, the gel ofthe gel cap extends into the distal portion of the cap ring. In oneaspect, the distal portion of the cap ring is adapted to receive theouter ring of the wound retractor such that the outer ring of the woundretractor embeds into the gel pad at the distal portion of the cap ringand displaces the gel, thereby forming a seal between the gel pad andthe outer ring and sleeve of the wound retractor. In another aspect, theaccess portion of the gel pad includes a plurality of intersectingdead-end slits. In another aspect, the lip at the distal end of thedistal portion of the cap ring extends about 30° around thecircumference of the cap ring. In another aspect, the cap ring is madeof a polymer. In one aspect, the cap ring is made of polyethylene, whilein another aspect the cap ring is made of polycarbonate. In anotheraspect, the gel pad covers and seals the entire opening in the cap ring.In another aspect, the gel pad is adapted to cover substantially theentire wound opening. In another aspect, the outer surface of the capring includes a lug, and the lever is coupled to the lug. In one aspect,the lug includes an aperture that extends substantially parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the cap ring. The lever includes a hinge pin thatextends substantially perpendicular to the distal lip of the lever. Theaperture of the lug is adapted to receive the hinge pin of the lever. Ina similar aspect, the lug includes the hinge pin and the lever includesthe aperture. In another aspect, the lever includes locking means forfacilitating prevention of unintended opening of the lever from thesecond state to the first state. In one aspect, the locking meansincludes a first aperture or groove in the wall of the distal portion ofthe cap ring. The aperture or groove receives and supports the distallip of the lever. The distal lip of the lever includes a latch that isadapted for engaging the first aperture or groove in the distal portionof the cap ring through which the distal lip of the lever protrudes whenthe lever is in the second state. In one aspect, the distal lip of thelever includes a catch that protrudes proximally therefrom. The catch isadapted to engage the outer ring of the wound retractor at a position onthe inner circumference of the outer ring In another aspect, the distallip on the lever extends around about 60° of the circumference of thecap ring when the lever is in the second state. In another aspect, thelever includes a second, proximal substantially flat lip that ispositioned at the proximal end of the lever and lies in a plane that issubstantially parallel to the distal lip of the lever, and the wall ofthe distal portion of the cap ring includes a second aperture forreceiving the proximal lip of the lever. In one aspect, the distal andproximal lips of the lever extend from the same side of the lever. Inone aspect, the lever includes locking means for facilitating theprevention of unintended opening of the lever from the second state tothe first state. In one aspect, the proximal lip of the lever includes alatch that is adapted for engaging the second aperture in the distalportion of the cap ring through which the proximal lip of the leverprotrudes when the lever is in the second state. In one aspect, theproximal lip on the lever extends around about 45° of the circumferenceof the cap ring when the lever is in the second state. In anotheraspect, the gel cap includes more than one lever with the levers beingsubstantially equally spaced between each other and the lip on the capring.

These and other features and advantages of the invention will becomemore apparent with a discussion of embodiments in reference to theassociated drawings

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a gel cap of the invention placedonto a wound retractor of the invention;

FIG. 2 a illustrates an elevation view of an incrementally adjustablewound retractor in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 b illustrates a perspective view of the wound retractor of FIG. 2a;

FIGS. 3 a-3 c illustrate the retraction of the outer ring of the woundretractor of FIG. 1 to retract an incision;

FIG. 4 depicts a plan view, in cross section, of the outer ring of thewound retractor having a split hoop in a lumen thereof;

FIG. 5 depicts an elevation view of the outer ring of the woundretractor having a split hoop in the lumen of each of the first andsecond circular tubes of the outer ring;

FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of the wound retractor;

FIGS. 7 a-7 b illustrate different processes of forming the outer ringof the invention;

FIG. 8 illustrates the wound retractor of FIG. 1 deployed in anincision;

FIG. 9 depicts a perspective view of the wound retractor having thesplit hoops in the lumen of each of the first and second circular tubesof the outer ring;

FIG. 10 depicts a plan view of one of the first and second circulartubes of the outer ring with a split hoop placed therein with the splithoop and circular tube in their neutral state;

FIG. 11 depicts a plan view of one of the first and second circulartubes of the outer ring with a split hoop placed therein with the splithoop and circular tube in their expanded state;

FIG. 12 depicts a plan view of the first circular tube and split hoopand the second circular tube and split hoop with the first circular tubeand split hoop in their neutral state and the second circular tube andsplit hoop in their expanded state being rolled around the firstcircular tube and split hoop

FIG. 13 is a side view of a wound retractor of the invention beinginserted into a wound in a body wall with the inner ring being insertedinto the wound;

FIG. 14 is a side view of the wound retractor of the invention placed inthe wound in the body wall and depicting a direction for rolling theouter ring to retract the wound;

FIG. 15 is a side view of the wound retractor invention placed in thewound in the body wall with the wound retracted;

FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of a gel cap having a lever forcoupling the gel cap to the outer ring of a wound retractor;

FIG. 17 is a bottom perspective view of a cap ring of the gel cap ofFIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is a bottom perspective view of the gel cap of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a partial section view of the gel cap of FIG. 16 coupled tothe outer ring of the wound retractor;

FIG. 20 is a top perspective view of the lever portion of the gel cap ofFIG. 16;

FIG. 21 is a partial bottom view of the cap ring of FIG. 16 with thelever in a first, open state;

FIG. 22 is a partial section view of the gel cap of FIG. 16 coupled tothe outer ring of the wound retractor with the lever in a second, closedstate;

FIG. 23 is a top perspective view of the gel cap of FIG. 16 coupled tothe wound retractor;

FIG. 24 is a partial bottom view of the cap ring of FIG. 16 with thelever in the second, closed state; and

FIG. 25 is a partial section view of the gel cap of FIG. 16 coupled tothe outer ring of the wound retractor with the lever in a second, closedstate and the lever having a catch for engaging the outer ring of thewound retractor to hold the lever in the closed state.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1, 2 a and 2 b illustrate a wound retractor 100 and gel cap 202 inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention. The wound retractor 100includes a double-tube outer ring 102, an inner ring 104, and adistensible sleeve 106 coupling the outer ring 102 to the inner ring104. The sleeve 106 may be coupled to the outer ring 102 and the innerring 104 by heat seal, adhesive, or other means that are well known inthe art. The sleeve 106 may be made of a material that is flexible andimpermeable to fluids and bacteria. The inner ring 104 may be made ofmaterials having sufficient hardness to retain its shape after insertionof the inner ring into a body cavity 404 (FIG. 8). The materials ofwhich the outer ring 102 is made must allow the outer ring 102 to beturned around its annular axis as further described below andillustrated in FIGS. 3 a-3 c. The shape of the outer ring 102 affectsboth its ability to grip and to provide stability during and afteradjustment. The double-tube outer ring 102 includes a first circulartube 108 and a second circular tube 110 that are separated axially andmay be coupled together by a small web 112. Each of the circular tubes108 and 110 includes a lumen.

Referring to FIGS. 4-6, a wound retractor 100 may include thedouble-tube outer ring 102 having a substantially noncompliant, splithoop 118 positioned in the lumen of the first circular tube 108 and asubstantially noncompliant, split hoop 118 positioned in the lumen ofthe second circular tube 110. Each of the split hoops 118 includes ahoop having a single split 120 about its circumference with the splitcreating a first end 122 of the split hoop and a second end 124 of thesplit hoop. In its neutral position, the first and second ends 122, 124of the respective split hoops 118 substantially abut each other.

The substantially noncompliant hoops 118 may be made of metals, such asstainless steel, piano wire heat treated to a spring temper, or othermetals that produce a substantially noncompliant hoop. The substantiallynoncompliant hoops 118 may also be formed of rigid polymeric materialsthrough molding, machining, and other processes that are well known inthe art. The substantially noncompliant hoops 118 may also be formed ofother suitable rigid materials that are well known in the art.

As shown in FIGS. 7 a-7 b, the outer ring 102 may be formed bytransforming an extruded elastomeric double-tube into a circular ring byplacing the split hoops 118 (FIGS. 4-6) into the first and secondcircular tubes 108, 110. This is accomplished by inserting one of thefirst and second ends 122, 124 of one of the hoops 118 into the lumen ofthe first circular tube 108 and one of the first and second ends of theother hoop 118 into the lumen of the second circular tube 110. The splithoops 118 are continually fed into the lumens until substantially eachof the entire hoops 118 is within the respective circular tubes 108,110. The extruded elastomeric tube 102 takes on the circular shape ofthe split hoops 118 placed in the lumens of the first and secondcircular tubes 108, 110.

It is appreciated that the outer ring 102 can be designed in variousconfigurations and sizes to achieve various retraction rates and/or toconform to different body surfaces. The lumens of the first and secondcircular tubes 108, 110 may have cross-sections of different geometries,such as circular, oval, triangular, rectangular, any geometric shapewith multiple sides, etc. The split hoops 118 may also havecross-sections of different geometries, such as circular, rectangular,oval, triangular, any geometric shape with multiple sides, etc.Advantages of the above embodiments of the invention include improvedretraction adjustability and stability.

With continued reference to FIGS. 4-6 and with reference to FIGS. 7 a, 7b and 8-12, with each of the first and second circular tubes 108, 110including a split hoop 118, it is not necessary to provide means for afirst end portion 126 and a second end portion 128 of the split hoop tooverlap each other when rolling the sleeve 106 around the outer ring102. Since the split hoop 118 in the each of the first and secondcircular tubes 108, 110 has substantially abutting first and second ends122, 124 and no means are provided for the first and second end portions126, 128 of the split hoops to overlap each other, each of the splithoops 118 functions as an axle about which the outer ring 102 may turnfor half a rotation, or 180°. More particularly, the first circular tube108 may be rolled outside the second circular tube 110 with thecircumference of the split hoop 118 in the first circular tube expandingto clear the split hoop 118 in the second circular tube. Then the secondcircular tube 110 may be rolled outside the first circular tube 108 withthe circumference of the split hoop 118 in the second circular tubeexpanding to clear the split hoop 118 in the first circular tube (seeFIG. 12). These steps may be repeated until the wound 400 is retractedto the desired degree.

FIGS. 3 a-3 c and FIG. 8 illustrate the retraction and adjustment of theouter ring 102 to fit an incision. In accordance with the invention, thewound retractor 100 is axially adjustable in increments. In particular,the upper end of the sleeve 106 can be wrapped around the outer ring 102so as to tightly seal the sides or edges of the incision 400. The uniqueshape of the outer ring 102 provides for an easy snap action when rolledabout itself. The outer ring 102 also provides for incrementalshortening of the sleeve 106 and for stability after installation.

FIGS. 8 and 13-15 illustrate a process of installing the wound retractor100 in a wound opening 400. An incision 400 in the shape of a slit isfirst made in a body wall of a patient, such as the abdominal wall 402.The inner ring 104 is compressed and the inner ring and sleeve 106 arethen manually inserted into the body cavity 404 through the incision 400with the outer ring 102 remaining external the body cavity 404. Once theinner ring 104 is within the body cavity 404, it expands around theinner surface of the incision 400 so as to be generally parallel to theouter surface of the abdominal wall 402. The sleeve 106 provides aworking channel from outside the body cavity 404 to inside the bodycavity.

The outer ring 102 initially rests above the abdominal wall 402 aroundthe wound opening 400. Since the upper end of the sleeve 106 is coupledto the outer ring 102, the sleeve 106 can be drawn upwards and radiallyoutward or inward, thereby drawing the inner ring 104 tightly againstthe inner surface of the abdominal wall 402. Moreover, the intermediateportion of the sleeve 106 is drawn tightly against the sides and edgesof the wound opening 400, thereby retracting the adjacent tissue andproducing a tightly sealed opening to the body cavity 404. The sleeve106 contacts the entire surface of the wound 400 and protectively coversand seals it from contamination and infection. Depending on the size anddepth of the incision 400, the user can roll up the sleeve 106 bygripping the double-tube outer ring 102 and turning it in a direction130, as also illustrated in FIGS. 3 a-3 c, until the sleeve 106 abutsthe outer edge of the wound opening 400. The inner ring 104 is adaptedfor juxtaposition with the inner surface of the abdominal wall 402 andthe outer ring 102 is adapted for juxtaposition with the outer surfaceof the abdominal wall. Both the inner ring 104 and the outer ring 102are adapted for disposition relative to the incision 400 in theabdominal wall 402. The sleeve 106 is adapted to traverse the incision400 in the abdominal wall 402.

An advantage of the wound retractor 100 of the present invention is itprovides for an easier, faster and higher retraction rate than thatknown in the prior art, thereby resulting in less traumatic effects tothe patient. Another advantage of the wound retractor 100 of the presentinvention is it provides tactile gripping and incremental rolling of thesleeve 106 about the outer ring 102. In comparison to retractors of theprior art, the substantially noncompliant hoops 118 in the lumens of theouter ring 102 provide greater strength, which in turn provides betterretraction. The substantially noncompliant hoops 118 control the shapeof the wound opening 400, rather than the wound opening controlling theshape of the wound retractor 100. In this manner, the wound retractor100 of the present invention provides better isolation, protection, andsealing of the wound 400.

After surgery, the wound retractor 100 may be retrieved by grabbing theinner ring 104 and the sleeve 106 and pulling them through the woundopening 400. The use of the sleeve 106 and the ease of retracting theouter ring 102 provide higher compression between the inner and outerrings. As a result, the wound retractor 100 of the invention providesincremental adjustability to fit a wide range of incision sizes andisolates and protects the wound from bacterial infection as diseasedbody parts and contaminated instruments are passed through the wound.

Referring to FIGS. 16-25, the surgical access device 200, such as a gelcap 202, is used to seal the opening between the body cavity 404 (seeFIG. 8) and the area outside the body cavity while providing access intothe body cavity from outside the body cavity. The gel cap 202 includes acap ring 204 that couples to the outer ring 102 of the wound retractor100 and a gel pad 206 coupled to the cap ring. The gel pad 206 is madeof a gel material and includes an access portion 208 or passage throughthe gel for providing a passage from external the body to the bodycavity 404. In one aspect, the access portion 208 may include aplurality of intersecting dead-end slits 260, 262. The access portion208 forms an instrument seal in the presence of an instrument, such asthe arm of a surgeon, inserted therethrough and a zero seal in theabsence of an instrument inserted therethrough. Unlike foam rubber orother similar types of elastic materials, the gel provides a gas tightseal around a variety of shapes and sizes of hands or instrumentsinserted therethrough.

To combine the gel pad 206 with the cap ring 204, the cap ring may beplaced into a mold that includes the shape of the desired gel pad andthe uncured gel is added to the mold. Referring to FIG. 17, in oneaspect, the cap ring 204 includes a substantially cylindrical ring 210having a first, proximal portion 212, a second, distal portion 214 and alongitudinal axis 216 extending through the proximal and distalportions. The gel pad 206 is positioned at the proximal portion 212 ofthe cap ring 204. The proximal portion 212 of the cap ring 204 mayinclude a plurality of apertures 218 distributed about the circumferenceof the cap ring. The apertures 218 may extend through the wall of theproximal portion 212 of the cap ring 204. Sufficient gel may be added tothe mold to cover and fill the apertures 218 (see FIG. 18). When addinguncured gel into the mold, the gel flows through the apertures 218 andremains in the apertures. Also, for reasons that will be describedbelow, sufficient gel may be added to the mold to extend into the distalportion 214 of the cap ring 204. When the gel pad 206 is cured, the gelin the apertures 218 connects the gel at the outer portion 220 of thecap ring 204 to the gel at the inner portion 222 of the cap ring, thusforming a mechanical lock between the gel and the cap ring.Alternatively, as will be described in more detail below, other meansmay be used to couple the gel pad 206 to the cap ring 204, such asseparately forming a gel slug 206 and coupling the gel slug to the innersurface of the proximal portion 212 of the cap ring 204.

The distal portion 214 of the cap ring 204 is substantially cylindricaland is configured to receive the outer ring 102 of the wound retractor100. In one aspect, the distal portion 214 of the cap ring 204 includesa lip 224 at the distal end 226 thereof (see FIG. 17). The lip 224curves radially inwardly from the wall 228 of the distal portion 214 ofthe cap ring 204 and extends around a portion of the circumference ofthe cap ring. In one aspect, the lip 224 extends around about 30° of thecircumference of the cap ring 204; however, the lip may extend longer orshorter distances around the circumference of the cap ring. The lip 224is configured to receive the distal-most circular tube 108, 110 of theouter ring 102 such that the outer ring is positioned between the lip224 and the gel pad 206 (see FIG. 19). More particularly, when the outerring 102 of the wound retractor 100 is received by the distal portion214 of the cap ring 204, the outer ring of the wound retractor embedsinto the gel pad 206 at the distal portion of the cap ring and displacesthe gel, thereby forming a seal between the gel pad and the outer ringand sleeve 106 of the wound retractor. This places the gel pad 206 injuxtaposition with the incision 400.

In one aspect, the distal portion 214 of the cap ring 204 also includesa swinging lever 230 (FIG. 16) that swings on a plane that issubstantially perpendicular to the axis 216 of the cap ring. In oneaspect, the lever 230 is positioned substantially opposite the lip 224on the distal portion 214 of the cap ring 204. The outer surface 232 ofthe cap ring 204 may include a lug 234 to which the lever 230 iscoupled. In one aspect, the lug 234 includes an aperture 236 extendingsubstantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 216 of the cap ring 204and is adapted to receive a hinge pin 238 portion of the lever 230.However, those familiar with the art will recognize that the hinge pinmay be positioned on the lug and the aperture may be positioned in thelever. Also, other means that are well known in the art may be used tohinge the lever to the cap ring. When coupled to the cap ring 204, thelever 230 includes a proximal end 240 and a distal end 242. The lever230 includes a first, distal substantially flat lip 244 positioned atthe distal end 242 of the lever and lying in a plane that is positionedsubstantially perpendicular to the axis 246 of the pin 238 on the lever.It should be noted that the axis 246 of the pin 238 on the lever 230 issubstantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 216 of the cap ring 204.The lever 230 may also include a second, proximal substantially flat lip248 positioned at the proximal end 240 of the lever and also lying in aplane that is substantially perpendicular to an axis 246 of the pin 238on the lever such that the proximal lip of the lever is substantiallyparallel to the distal lip 244 of the lever. Both of the distal andproximal lips 244, 248 of the lever 230 extend from the same side of thelever.

In a first, open state (FIG. 21), the lever 230 is swung outwardly, awayfrom the body of the cap ring 204 to provide clearance for inserting theouter ring 102 of the wound retractor 100 into the gel cap. In a second,closed state (FIG. 22), the lever 230 is swung toward the cap ring 204such that the distal and proximal lips 244, 248 of the lever protruderadially inwardly from the body of the lever and radially inwardlythrough the wall 228 of the cap ring. In one aspect, the wall 228 of thedistal portion 214 of the cap ring 204 includes a first aperture 250 orgroove for receiving the distal lip 244 of the lever 230. Similarly, thewall 228 of the distal portion 214 of the cap ring 204 also includes asecond aperture 252, such as a slot, for receiving and supporting theproximal lip 248 of the lever 230. In one aspect, the distal lip 244 onthe lever 230 extends around about 60° of the circumference of the capring and the proximal lip 248 on the lever extends around about 45° ofthe circumference of the cap ring; however, the distal and proximal lipsmay extend longer or shorter distances around the circumference of thecap ring.

In use, the wound retractor 100 is first used to retract the incision inthe body wall of a patient, as described above. With the lever 230 inthe first state, the gel cap 202 is brought to the outer ring 102 of thewound retractor 100 at an angle with the lip portion 224 of the cap ring204 toward the patient. The lip portion 224 of the cap ring is slidunder the distal-most circular tube 108, 110 of the outer ring 102,between the outer ring and the patient, and then the remainder of thegel cap 202 is swung onto the outer ring. The lever 230 is then swungclosed into the second state (FIG. 23). In the second state, the distallip 244 of the lever 230 abuts the distal surface of the distal-mostcircular tube 108, 110 of the outer ring 102 of the wound retractor 100and secures the gel cap 202 to the wound retractor. More particularly,with the gel cap 202 mounted onto the outer ring 102 of the woundretractor 100 and the lever 230 positioned in the second state, the lipportion 224 of the cap ring 204 and the distal lip 244 of the leverreceive the outer ring of the wound retractor. The outer ring 102 of thewound retractor 100 is positioned between the lip portion 224 of the capring 204 and the distal lip 244 of the lever 230 at the distal end ofthe outer ring of the wound retractor and the gel pad 206 at theproximal end of the outer ring of the wound retractor.

The lever 230 includes locking means 254 (FIG. 20) to prevent unintendedopening of the lever from the second state to the first state. In oneaspect, to positively lock the lever 230 into the second state, one ofthe distal and proximal lips 244, 248 of the lever includes a latch 256that engages the groove/aperture 250, 252 in the cap ring through whichthe lip protrudes (see FIG. 24). In another aspect, the distal lip 244of the lever 230 includes a catch 258 (FIG. 25) protruding proximally toengage the distal-most circular tube 108, 110 of the outer ring 102 ofthe wound retractor 100 at a position on the inner circumference of theouter ring.

With the gel cap 202 mounted onto the outer ring 102 of the woundretractor 100 and the lever 230 positioned in the second state, theproximal lip 248 on the lever positioned in the aperture 252 in the capring 204 provides support for the lever to counteract cantilever forcesinduced by the displaced gel of the gel pad 206. Support of the proximallip 248 also helps the distal lip 244 maintain the position of the outerring 102 of the wound retractor 100 against the gel pad 206.

In another aspect, the gel cap 202 may include more than one lever 230with the levers substantially equally spaced between each other and thelip 224 on the cap ring 204. In a further aspect, the lip 224 on the capring 204 may be omitted and at least two levers 230 used to secure thegel cap 202 to the wound retractor 100. The two levers 230 may besubstantially diametrically opposed about the circumference of thedistal portion of the cap ring.

The gel cap 202 with the lip 224 and lever 230 on the cap ring is bestsuited for use with wound retractors 100 having an outer ring 102 thatis substantially rigid and noncompliant. If the outer ring 102 of thewound retractor 100 were not rigid, the outer ring would tend to pullout of the gel cap 202, thereby compromising the seal between the gelpad 206 and the wound retractor and potentially resulting in deflationof the insufflated body cavity.

The cap ring 204 in one aspect includes a polymer, e.g., polyethylene(PE). In one aspect, the polyethylene is a low density polyethylene(LDPE) or high density polyethylene (HDPE), or ultra high molecularweight polyethylene (UHMWPE). In one aspect, the cap ring 204 may bemade of a polymer, such as polycarbonate and may be fabricated bymethods including injection molding.

The gel pad 206 may be coupled to, attached to, formed or integratedwith the cap ring 204 so that a gas-tight conduit is formed between thecap ring and the sleeve 106. The gel pad 206 covers and seals the entireopening in the cap ring 204. Additionally, the gel pad 206 is adapted tocover substantially the entire wound 400 opening. As stated above, inone aspect the gel pad includes a plurality of intersecting dead-endslits 260, 262 that form an access portion or passage through the gelpad 206. Unlike foam rubber or other similar types of elastic materials,the gel pad 206 provides a gas tight seal around a variety of shapes andsizes of hands or instruments inserted therethrough.

In one aspect, the gel material from which the gel pad 206 is made is anelastomeric gel. Some such gels have been described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 10/381,220, filed Mar. 20, 2003, the disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference as if set forth in fullherein. The gel can be prepared by mixing a triblock copolymer with asolvent for the midblocks. The endblocks are typically thermoplasticmaterials, such as styrene, and the midblocks are thermoset elastomerssuch as, isoprene or butadiene, e.g. Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene(SEBS). In one aspect, the solvent used is mineral oil. Upon heatingthis mixture or slurry, the midblocks are dissolved into the mineral oiland a network of the insoluble endblocks forms. The resulting networkhas enhanced elastomeric properties over the parent copolymer. In oneaspect, the triblock copolymer used is KRATON G1651, which has a styreneto rubber ratio of 33/67. Once formed, the gel is substantiallypermanent and, by the nature of the endblocks, processable asthermoplastic elastomers henceforward. The mixture or slurry has aminimum temperature at which it becomes a gel, i.e., the minimum gellingtemperature (MGT). This temperature, in one aspect, corresponds to theglass transition temperature of the thermoplastic endblock plus a fewdegrees. For example, the MGT for the mixture of KRATON G1651 andmineral oil is about 120° C. When the slurry reaches the MGT and thetransformation to a gel state takes place, the gel becomes moretransparent, thereby providing means for visually confirming when thetransformation of the slurry to the gel state is substantially completeand that the gel may be cooled. In addition to triblocks, there are alsodiblock versions of the materials that may be used where Styrene ispresent at only one end of the formula, for example,Styrene-Ethylene/Butylene (SEB).

For a given mass of slurry to form into a complete gel, the entire massof the slurry is heated to the MGT and remains heated at the MGT forsufficient time for the end blocks to form a matrix of interconnections.The slurry will continue to form into gel at temperatures above the MGTuntil the slurry/gel reaches temperatures at which the components withinthe slurry/gel begin to decompose or oxidize. For example, when theslurry/gel is heated at temperatures above 250° C., the mineral oil inthe slurry/gel will begin to be volatile and oxidize. Oxidizing maycause the gel to turn brown and become oily.

The speed at which a given volume of slurry forms a gel is dependant onthe speed with which the entire mass of slurry reaches the MGT. Also,with the application of temperatures higher than the MGT, this speed isfurther enhanced as the end block networks distribute and form morerapidly.

The various base formulas may also be alloyed with one another toachieve a variety of intermediate properties. For example, KRATON G1701Xis a seventy percent (70%) SEB thirty percent (30%) SEBS mixture with anoverall Styrene to rubber ratio of 28/72. It can be appreciated that analmost infinite number of combinations, alloys, and Styrene to rubberratios can be formulated, each capable of providing advantages to aparticular embodiment of the invention. These advantages will typicallyinclude low durometer, high elongation, and good tear strength.

It is contemplated that the gel material may also include silicone, softurethanes and even harder plastics that might provide the desiredsealing qualities with the addition of a foaming agent. The siliconematerial may be of the types currently used for electronicencapsulation. The harder plastics may include PVC, Isoprene, KRATONneat, and other KRATON/oil mixtures. In the KRATON/oil mixture, oilssuch as vegetable oils, petroleum oils and silicone oils may besubstituted for the mineral oil.

Any of the gel materials contemplated could be modified to achievedifferent properties such as enhanced lubricity, appearance, and woundprotection. Additives may be incorporated directly into the gel orapplied as a surface treatment. Other compounds may be added to the gelto modify its physical properties or to assist in subsequentmodification of the surface by providing bonding sites or a surfacecharge. Additionally, oil based colorants may be added to the slurry tocreate gels of different colors.

In one aspect, the mixture/slurry used with the various embodiments ofthe cap rings that are described herein are composed of about ninetypercent (90%) by weight of mineral oil and about ten percent (10%) byweight of KRATON G1651. From a thermodynamic standpoint, this mixturebehaves similar to mineral oil. Mineral oil has a considerable heatcapacity and, therefore, at about 130° C. it can take three (3) or four(4) hours to heat a pound of the slurry sufficiently to form ahomogeneous gel. Once formed, the gel can be cooled as quickly aspractical with no apparent deleterious effects on the gel. This cooling,in one aspect, is accomplished with cold-water immersion. In anotheraspect, the gel may be air-cooled. Those familiar with the art willrecognize that other cooling techniques that are well known in the artmay be employed and are contemplated as within the scope of the presentinvention.

Many of the properties of the KRATON/oil mixture will vary withadjustments in the weight ratio of the components. In general, thegreater the percentage of mineral oil the less firm the mixture; thegreater the percentage of KRATON, the more firm the mixture. If theresultant gel is too soft it can lead to excessive tenting or doming ofthe gel cap during surgery when a patient's abdominal cavity isinsufflated. Excessive tenting or doming may cause the slits 260, 262 toopen, providing a leak path. Additionally, if the gel is too soft itmight not provide an adequate seal. However, the gel should besufficiently soft to be comfortable for the surgeon while simultaneouslyproviding good sealing both in the presence of an instrument and in theabsence of an instrument.

If the slurry is permitted to sit for a prolonged period of time, thecopolymer, such as KRATON, and the solvent, such as mineral oil, mayseparate. The slurry may be mixed, such as with high shear blades, tomake the slurry more homogeneous. However, mixing the slurry mayintroduce or add air to the slurry. To remove air from the slurry, theslurry may be degassed. In one aspect, the slurry may be degassed in avacuum, such as within a vacuum chamber. In one aspect, the appliedvacuum may be 0.79 meters (29.9 inches) of mercury, or about one (1.0)atmosphere. The slurry may be stirred while the slurry is under vacuumto facilitate removal of the air. During degassing within a vacuum, theslurry typically expands, then bubbles, and then reduces in volume. Thevacuum may be discontinued when the bubbling substantially ceases.Degassing the slurry in a vacuum chamber reduces the volume of theslurry by about ten percent (10%). Degassing the slurry helps reduce thepotential of the finished gel to oxidize.

Degassing the slurry tends to make the resultant gel firmer. A degassedslurry composed of about 91.6% by weight of mineral oil and about 8.4%by weight of KRATON G1651, an eleven-to-one ratio, results in a gelhaving about the same firmness as a gel made from a slurry that is notdegassed and that is composed of about ninety percent (90%) by weight ofmineral oil and about ten percent (10%) by weight of KRATON G1651, anine-to-one ratio.

Mineral oil is of a lighter density than KRATON and the two componentswill separate after mixing, with the lighter mineral oil rising to thetop of the container. This separation may occur when attempting to formstatic slurry into gel over a period of several hours. The separationcan cause the resulting gel to have a higher concentration of mineraloil at the top and a lower concentration at the bottom, e.g., anon-homogeneous gel. The speed of separation is a function of the depthor head height of the slurry being heated. The mass of slurry combinedwith the head height, the temperature at which the gel sets and thespeed with which the energy can be transferred to the gel, factor intothe determination or result of homogeneous gel versus a non-homogeneousgel.

The gel pad or gel cap in various aspects of the present invention maybe gamma sterilized. The relative or comparative simplicity ofqualifying the sterilization process, for example of gamma versusethylene oxide, of the gel pad and the device with the gel pad isdesirable. However, under gamma sterilization large bubbles can form inthe gel pad causing potential cosmetic or aesthetic issues in thesterilized devices. The bubbles are more than ninety-nine percent (99%)room air, so removal of the dissolved air in the slurry is performedprior to forming the slurry into gel. For example, the slurry may bedegassed via vacuum, as described above, and turned into gel by heat.Bubbles may still form in the gel during gamma sterilization butdisappear in a period of about twenty-four (24) to seventy-two (72)hours. In one aspect, the percentage of dissolved gas in the mineral oilat room temperature is about ten percent (10%). The removal of the airin the gel has an additional effect of making the gel firmer. Thishowever is counterbalanced by the softening effect on the gel caused bygamma radiation during gamma sterilization.

If the gel pad is to be gamma sterilized, the gel may include aboutninety percent (90%) mineral oil by weight and about ten percent (10%)KRATON by weight. As stated above, degassing the slurry has the effectof making the gel firmer. However, the gamma radiation softens the gelto substantially the same firmness as a gel having about ninety percent(90%) mineral oil by weight and about ten percent (10%) KRATON by weightthat is not degassed and gamma sterilized.

In one aspect, cyanoacrylate, e.g., SUPERGLUE or KRAZY GLUE, may be usedto bond or otherwise couple or attach the gel pad 206 to the cap ring204. The glue may attach to either the rubber or styrene component ofthe tri-block and the bond is frequently stronger than the gel materialitself. In another aspect, a solvent may be used to dissolve theplastics in the cap ring and the polystyrene in the gel pad. Thesolution of solvent is applied to the gel pad and cap ring in either aspray or dip form. In effect, the solution melts both the plastic of thecap ring as well as the polystyrene in the gel pad to allow a chemicalbond to form between the two, which remains when the solvent evaporates.

Polyethylene can be dissolved in mineral oil and then applied to the gelpad. The mineral oil will not evaporate but will over time absorb intothe gel pad and impart a polyethylene layer on the gel pad that may havesome beneficial properties.

In one aspect, the gel pad 206 is cast into a DYNAFLEX or KRATON polymersupport structure, e.g., the cap ring 204. By using KRATON polymer or asimilar material in the cap ring, ring adhesion between the gel pad 206and the cap ring 204 can be achieved. The polystyrene in the gel pad 206is identified as achieving adhesion with polyphenylene oxide (PPO),polystyrene and other polymers.

In the casting process the gel pad 206 and the cap ring 204 are heatedto a temperature above about 130° C. and held at that temperature forseveral hours, e.g., about three (3) to four (4) hours. The temperatureused is not sufficient to deform the cap ring 204.

As stated above, in one aspect the cap ring 204 includes a polymer,e.g., polyethylene (PE). The gel includes mineral oil. PE has a highermolecular weight than mineral oil. PE is dissolved by mineral oil athigh temperatures. As such, as the PE and the mineral oil in the gel pad206 intermix as both are heated to and held at temperatures above about130° C., a bond between the PE and gel pad is formed.

In one aspect, the cap ring 204 includes polycarbonate. Thepolycarbonate of the cap ring 204 does not form bonds with the gel pad206 at 130° C. However, by raising the temperature to about 150° C. fora few minutes during casting, bonding occurs between the gel pad 206 andthe cap ring 204. As such, heating the gel pad 206 and cap ring 204 totemperatures at which both the polystyrene of the gel and thepolycarbonate are simultaneously beyond their melt points allow bonds toform between the gel pad and the cap ring. Alternatively, the gel pad206 and cap ring 204 may be heated to near or at the glass transitiontemperature of the polycarbonate cap ring to form the bond between thegel pad and the cap ring.

In one aspect, casting the gel pad 206 into the cap ring 204 to form agel cap 202 includes placing the cap ring into a mold cavity of acasting mold. The mold cavity may include support for the annular wallsof the cap ring 204. The mold may be made of aluminum, copper, brass, orother mold material having good heat dissipation properties. However,those familiar with the art will recognize that other mold materialshaving lower heat dissipation properties will produce acceptable partsand these are contemplated as within the scope of the present inventionas well.

The mold cavity having the cap ring 204 is filled with the slurry suchthat the slurry is in contact with the cap ring. To facilitate fillingvoids in the mold cavity with the slurry, the slurry may be preheated,for example, to about 52° C. (125° F.). Preheating the slurry to atemperature below the MGT reduces the viscosity of the slurry and allowsthe slurry to flow more easily. As stated above, the slurry may havebeen degassed in a vacuum. The slurry may be degassed again within themold after the mold cavity is filled to remove air that may have beenintroduced during the filling of the mold cavity and to facilitate flowof the slurry into voids in the mold. Heat is applied to the mold havingthe cap ring 204 and the slurry, such as in an oven, until the slurryattains a temperature of about 150° C. As stated above, the slurry turnsinto gel at about 120° C., however, at about 150° C., the gel can bondto a polycarbonate cap ring 204. Depending on the material used tofabricate the cap ring 204, bonding may take place at temperatures otherthan about 150° C. If the cap ring 204 is fabricated of a materialhaving a lower melting point than 120° C., then the gel pad 206, such asa gel slug 206, may be molded separately and then bonded to the capring. The slits 260, 262 may be molded into the gel pad 206 through theuse of an insert in the form of the slit in the mold.

Once the temperature of the gel pad 206 reaches about 150° C., the gelcap 202 may be cooled, such as by air-cooling, cold-water immersion, orother cooling means that are well known in the art. At 150° C. the gelpad is soft and if it were distorted during cooling it would set withthe distortion included. To reduce the likelihood of distorting the gelpad 206, the gel cap 202 may be cooled within the mold. Cooling timesmay vary based on parameters including size and configuration of themold, quantity of gel, temperature and quantity of cooling medium,cooling medium properties and the mold material. As an example, thecooling time may be about two (2) hours if cooling in air and aboutfifteen (15) minutes if cooling in water. Whether cooling with air orwater, the final properties of the gel are substantially the same. Thegel cap 202 is typically cooled to about ambient room temperature, butmay be cooled to lower temperatures. If the gel cap 202 is cooled to thefreezing point of the gel, about 0° C., then the gel will freeze andbecome hard. This may be beneficial for other means of coupling the gelpad 206 to the cap ring 204, such as with a secondary operation. The gelcap 202 may be removed from the mold at any time after the gel has set.

When removed from the mold, the gel pad 206 typically has a tackysurface. The gel cap 202 may be coated with a powder, such ascornstarch, to substantially reduce or eliminate the tackiness of thecured gel pad 206.

As stated above, in another aspect, the gel pad 206 may be moldedseparately from the cap ring 204 and coupled to the cap ring by asecondary operation, such as by bonding. In one aspect, the gel pad 206may be molded into a gel slug 206 having an outer perimeter smaller thanthe inner cylindrical wall of the cap ring 204 and to a height higherthat the height of the cap ring. Since the gel pad 206 is being moldedseparate from the cap ring 204, the slurry only needs to be heated untilit reaches about 120° C. and completes the transformation from slurryinto gel and the gel becomes substantially transparent. The gel slug 206may then be placed within the inner cylindrical wall of the cap ring204. The gel slug 206 may be cooled and/or frozen prior to placing itwithin the inner cylindrical wall of the cap ring 204. The gel slug 206may be coupled to the cap ring 204 through compression molding with thegel slug being compressed longitudinally so that the outer perimeter ofthe gel slug expands and compresses against the inner cylindrical wallof the cap ring. The gel slug 206 and cap ring 204 are heated to asufficient temperature for the polystyrene of the gel and the polymer ofthe cap ring to form bonds between the gel and the cap ring. Molding thegel slug 206 separately from the cap ring 204 and heat bonding the gelslug to the cap ring at a later time is especially useful when the capring is made of a material that has a lower melting temperature than theMGT. In such situations, the gel slug 206 can be molded first and heatbonded to the cap ring 204 without melting the cap ring.

An advantage associated with the modified surgical access device is itenables a surgeon to quickly retract and protectively line an abdominalwall incision while being able to easily accommodate variations inabdominal wall thickness between patients. In addition, the deviceeffectively seals around the interior and exterior of the incision, andallows a sealing cap to be coupled to the device to seal the abdominalcavity and to enable a laparoscopic procedure to be performed.

Many alterations and modifications may be made by those having ordinaryskill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention. For these reasons, the above description should not beconstrued as limiting the invention, but should be interpreted as merelyexemplary of the embodiments.

1. A surgical access device, comprising: a wound retractor forretracting an opening in a biological body wall, the wound retractorhaving, an outer ring having an annular axis and adapted forjuxtaposition with an outer surface of the biological body wall, aninner ring adapted for juxtaposition with an inner surface of thebiological body wall, and a sleeve coupling the outer ring to the innerring, the sleeve being adapted to traverse the opening in the body wall,wherein the outer ring has a neutral state, in which the outer ring issubstantially noncompliant, and a transitional state, in which the outerring is rolled over itself around the annular axis, thereby rolling thesleeve around the outer ring to retract and seal the opening in the bodywall; and a gel cap adapted for direct attachment to the outer ring ofthe wound retractor in the neutral state, the gel cap having, a cap ringadapted to be coupled to the outer ring of the wound retractor, a lipdisposed at a distal end of the cap ring, the lip curving radiallyinward from a wall of the cap ring and extending around a portion of acircumference thereof, a lever spaced from the lip of the cap ring andpivotably coupled to the cap ring, the lever pivoting on a plane that isperpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the cap ring, the levercomprising a flat, distal lip positioned at a distal end of the leverand lying in a plane that is positioned perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis of the cap ring, and a gel pad coupled to the capring, the gel pad being made of a gel material, the gel pad including anaccess portion for providing a passage from external the body to a bodycavity, the passage forming an instrument seal in the presence of aninstrument inserted therethrough and a zero seal in the absence of aninstrument inserted therethrough, wherein in an open state, the lever ispivoted outwardly, away from a body of the cap ring, and in a closedstate, with the outer ring of the wound retractor positioned within thecap ring, the lever is pivoted toward the cap ring such that the distallip of the lever protrudes radially inwardly from the body of the capring, and the lip of the cap ring and the distal lip of the lever abutthe distal surface of the outer ring of the wound retractor, therebysecuring the gel cap to the wound retractor.
 2. The surgical accessdevice of claim 1, the outer ring of the wound retractor having a lumen,and further comprising: a substantially noncompliant hoop positioned inthe lumen of the outer ring of the wound retractor.
 3. The surgicalaccess device of claim 2, the outer ring of the wound retractor havingtwo lumens, and further comprising: a substantially noncompliant hooppositioned in each of the two lumens of the outer ring of the woundretractor.
 4. The surgical access device of claim 1, the sleeveincluding a material that is flexible and impermeable to fluids andbacteria.
 5. The surgical access device of claim 1, the inner ring beingmade of materials having sufficient hardness to retain the shape of theinner ring after insertion of the inner ring into a body cavity.
 6. Thesurgical access device of claim 1, the outer ring being made ofmaterials that allow the outer ring to be turned around its annularaxis.
 7. The surgical access device of claim 1, wherein the lip of thecap ring and the lip of the lever being configured to receive the outerring of the wound retractor such that the outer ring of the woundretractor is positioned between the lip of the cap ring and the lip ofthe lever at a distal end and the gel pad at a proximal end.
 8. Thesurgical access device of claim 1, wherein a distal portion of the capring is adapted to receive the outer ring of the wound retractor suchthat the outer ring of the wound retractor embeds into the gel pad anddisplaces the gel, thereby forming a seal between the gel pad and theouter ring and sleeve of the wound retractor.
 9. The surgical accessdevice of claim 1, the access portion of the gel pad including aplurality of intersecting dead-end slits.
 10. The surgical access deviceof claim 1, wherein the gel pad covers and seals the entire opening inthe cap ring.
 11. The surgical access device of claim 1, wherein the gelpad is adapted to cover the entire surgical opening.
 12. The surgicalaccess device of claim 1, the outer surface of the cap ring including alug, the lever being coupled to the lug.
 13. The surgical access deviceof claim 1, the lever including locking means for facilitatingprevention of unintended opening of the lever from the second state tothe first state.
 14. The surgical access device of claim 1, the gel capincluding more than one lever with the levers being equally spacedbetween each other and the lip on the cap ring.
 15. The surgical accessdevice of claim 1, wherein the lever is substantially opposite the lipon the cap ring.
 16. A surgical access device, comprising: a woundretractor for retracting an opening in a biological body wall, the woundretractor having an outer ring having an annular axis and adapted to bepositioned near a proximal surface of the biological body wall, an innerring adapted to be positioned near a distal surface of the biologicalbody wall, and a sleeve coupling the outer ring to the inner ring,wherein the outer ring has a neutral state, in which the outer ring issubstantially noncompliant, and a transitional state, in which the outerring is rolling over itself around the annular axis, thereby rolling thesleeve around the outer ring to retract and seal the opening in the bodywall; and a gel cap adapted for being attached to the outer ring of thewound retractor in the neutral state, the gel cap having a cap ringadapted to be coupled to the outer ring of the wound retractor, a leverpivotably coupled to the cap ring, and a gel pad coupled to the cap ringand including an access portion for providing a passage from externalthe body to a body cavity, the passage forming an instrument seal in thepresence of an instrument inserted therethrough and a zero seal in theabsence of an instrument inserted therethrough, wherein the outer ringof the wound retractor is configured to be positioned within the capring such that pivoting the lever relative to the cap ring secures thegel cap to the wound retractor.
 17. A surgical access device,comprising: a wound retractor for retracting an opening in a biologicalbody wall, the wound retractor comprising: an outer ring having anannular axis and adapted to be positioned proximally of a proximalsurface of the biological body wall, an inner ring adapted to bepositioned distally of a distal surface of the biological body wall, anda sleeve coupling the outer ring to the inner ring, wherein the outerring has a neutral state, in which the outer ring is substantiallynoncompliant, and a transitional state, in which the outer ring isrolling over itself around the annular axis, thereby rolling the sleevearound the outer ring to retract and seal the opening in the body wall;and a sealing cap adapted for being coupled to the outer ring of thewound retractor in the neutral state.
 18. The surgical access device ofclaim 17, wherein the sealing cap comprises a gel seal including anaccess portion for providing a passage from external the body to a bodycavity, the passage forming an instrument seal in the presence of aninstrument inserted therethrough and a zero seal in the absence of aninstrument inserted therethrough.
 19. The surgical access device ofclaim 17, wherein the sealing cap comprises a lever.
 20. The surgicalaccess device of claim 17, further comprising a wound retractor havingan outer ring, an inner ring, and a sleeve, wherein the outer ring has aneutral state in which the outer ring is substantially noncompliant anda transitional state in which the outer ring is rolling over itselfaround the annular axis thereby rolling a sleeve around the outer ringto retract and seal an opening in a body wall.
 21. A surgical accessdevice, comprising: a wound retractor for retracting an opening in abiological body wall, the wound retractor comprising: an outer ringhaving an annular axis and adapted to be positioned proximally of aproximal surface of the biological body wall, an inner ring adapted tobe positioned distally of a distal surface of the biological body wall,and a sleeve coupling the outer ring to the inner ring, wherein theouter ring has a neutral state, in which the outer ring is substantiallynoncompliant, and a transitional state, in which the outer ring isrolling over itself around the annular axis, thereby rolling the sleevearound the outer ring to retract and seal the opening in the body wall.22. The surgical access device of claim 21, the outer ring of the woundretractor having a lumen, and further comprising: a substantiallynoncompliant hoop positioned in the lumen of the outer ring of the woundretractor.
 23. The surgical access device of claim 22, the outer ring ofthe wound retractor having two lumens, and further comprising: asubstantially noncompliant hoop positioned in each of the two lumens ofthe outer ring of the wound retractor.
 24. The surgical access device ofclaim 23, further comprising a sealing cap adapted for being coupled tothe outer ring of the wound retractor in the neutral state.
 25. Thesurgical access device of claim 24, wherein the sealing cap comprises agel seal.
 26. A surgical access device, comprising: a gel cap adaptedfor being attached to an outer ring of a wound retractor having aneutral state in which the outer ring is substantially noncompliant anda transitional state in which the outer ring is rolling over itselfaround an annular axis thereby rolling a sleeve around the outer ring toretract and seal an opening in a body wall, the gel cap comprising a capring adapted to be coupled to the outer ring of the wound retractor, anda gel pad coupled to the cap ring and including an access portion forproviding a passage from external the body to a body cavity, the passageforming an instrument seal in the presence of an instrument insertedtherethrough and a zero seal in the absence of an instrument insertedtherethrough, wherein the gel cap further comprises a lever pivotablycoupled to the cap ring, and wherein the cap ring is configured to bepositioned around the outer ring of the wound retractor such thatpivoting the lever relative to the cap ring secures the gel cap to thewound retractor.